Regulations
In most countries, paramotor pilots operate
under simple rules that spare them certification requirements for pilot and
gear. Those laws, however, limit where they can fly—specifying that pilots
avoid congested areas and larger airports to minimize risk to other people or
aircraft. U.S. pilots operate under Federal Aviation Administration regulation
Part 103.
Associations
In the U.S., the sport is represented
primarily by the US Powered Paragliding Association (USPPA)[note 1] which also
holds an exemption allowing two-place training by appropriately certified
tandem instructors. The US Ultralight Association (USUA) and Aero Sports
Connections (ASC) also offer some support.
Instructors in the U.S. are primarily
represented and certified by the United States Powered Paragliding
Association(USPPA). Other organizations include the Professional Association of
Powered Paragliding Instructors (***PI).
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The most difficult aspect of paramotoring
is controlling the wing (paraglider) on the ground. This control is both during
launch and upon landing. Initial training in becoming a paramotor pilot
involves managing the wing in the air from the ground without the motor. This
process is called kiting and is the most complicated and important step in the
process. Once kiting the wing on the ground is mastered then the motor is added
to the process to practice with the weight of the paramotor included. A typical
paramotor will weigh on average around 50 lbs. (23 kg) with some models as
light at 40 lbs. (18 kg) and some models as high as 75 lbs. (34 kg.) The size
of the paramotor wing and engine are dependent on the weight of the pilot.
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The pilot controls thrust via a hand-held
throttle and steers using the wings brake toggles or stabilo steering, weight
shifting or a combination of the three. It is identical to Paragliding except
it is powered so the use of an elevation or thermals to ascend are not
required. Paramotor wings have evolved specifically for use with power
propulsion, as compared with free flight 'paraglider' wings. Such wings are
typically designed for a higher speed and may incorporate a "reflex"
profile to aid stability in pitch, an idea taken from hang gliders of the
1980s. Paramotor wings typically use trimmers to adjust the Angle of Attack of
the wing to either slow it down or speed it up in flight. Trimmed out allows
the pilot to achieve maximum speed, while trimmed in allows for slower speeds
optimized for launching and landing.
For a pilot to get through most
organizations' full pilot syllabus requires between 5 and 15 days which, due to
weather, may include far more calendar time. A number of techniques are
employed for teaching, although most include getting the student familiar with
handling the wing either on the ground, via towing, small hills, or on tandem
flights.
With special gear it is possible to take a
passenger (tandem), but most countries, including the U.S., require some form
of certification to do so.
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